三葉羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)憑借其獨(dú)特性能，在污水處理、氣力輸送、真空包裝等諸多領(lǐng)域中得到廣泛應(yīng)用，然而，在長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種故障問(wèn)題，以下將從主要故障類型、成因剖析以及對(duì)應(yīng)的解決策略展開詳細(xì)闡述。

Three leaf Roots blowers have been widely used in various fields such as sewage treatment, pneumatic conveying, and vacuum packaging due to their unique performance. However, in long-term operation, various fault problems are inevitable. The following will elaborate on the main types of faults, causes, and corresponding solutions.

風(fēng)量不足或壓力下降這一故障，成因較為復(fù)雜。進(jìn)氣口堵塞是常見原因之一，濾網(wǎng)或消聲器積塵會(huì)阻礙進(jìn)氣的順暢性；對(duì)于皮帶傳動(dòng)型風(fēng)機(jī)，皮帶打滑也是導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題的因素，張緊力不足或皮帶磨損均會(huì)影響傳動(dòng)效率；長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行致使葉輪磨損，進(jìn)而使得葉輪與殼體間隙增大，當(dāng)間隙超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍（0.10 - 0.25mm）時(shí)，便會(huì)影響風(fēng)機(jī)性能；此外，系統(tǒng)泄漏，包括管道、法蘭或密封部位的漏氣，同樣會(huì)造成風(fēng)量與壓力的下降。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，相應(yīng)的解決方案為清潔或更換濾芯以保障進(jìn)氣通暢；依據(jù)廠家要求調(diào)整皮帶張力或及時(shí)更換新皮帶，確保其具備合適的撓度；細(xì)致檢查葉輪間隙，若超標(biāo)則需進(jìn)行修復(fù)或更換葉輪處理；采用肥皂水檢測(cè)漏氣點(diǎn)，通過(guò)緊固螺栓或更換密封墊片的方式解決泄漏問(wèn)題。

The cause of insufficient air volume or pressure drop is quite complex. Air intake blockage is one of the common reasons, as dust accumulation in filters or mufflers can hinder the smoothness of air intake; For belt driven fans, belt slippage is also a contributing factor, as insufficient tension or belt wear can affect transmission efficiency; Long term operation leads to impeller wear, which in turn increases the gap between the impeller and the housing. When the gap exceeds the standard range (0.10-0.25mm), it will affect the performance of the fan; In addition, system leaks, including leaks in pipelines, flanges, or sealing areas, can also cause a decrease in air volume and pressure. The corresponding solution to these problems is to clean or replace the filter element to ensure smooth air intake; Adjust the belt tension according to the manufacturer's requirements or replace the belt with a new one in a timely manner to ensure that it has appropriate deflection; Carefully inspect the clearance between the impellers. If it exceeds the standard, repair or replace the impellers; Use soapy water to detect leakage points, and solve the leakage problem by tightening bolts or replacing sealing gaskets.

風(fēng)機(jī)出現(xiàn)過(guò)熱（軸承 / 殼體溫度高）的情況，存在多種潛在原因。潤(rùn)滑油不足或變質(zhì)，即齒輪箱缺油或者油品發(fā)生劣化，會(huì)致使?jié)櫥Ч患?；冷卻不良也是重要因素，風(fēng)冷型風(fēng)機(jī)散熱片積灰會(huì)影響散熱，水冷型風(fēng)機(jī)冷卻水流量不足則無(wú)法有效帶走熱量；過(guò)載運(yùn)行，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)阻力過(guò)大或排氣壓力超過(guò)額定值時(shí)，會(huì)使風(fēng)機(jī)負(fù)荷加重從而產(chǎn)生過(guò)多熱量；軸承損壞，因潤(rùn)滑不良或疲勞磨損導(dǎo)致軸承卡死，也會(huì)引發(fā)過(guò)熱現(xiàn)象。解決該問(wèn)題需要檢查油位，及時(shí)補(bǔ)充或更換推薦的 ISO VG 220 齒輪油；清理散熱片或全面檢查冷卻水系統(tǒng)，確保水冷型風(fēng)機(jī)的冷卻水流量達(dá)到或超過(guò) 2m3/h；合理調(diào)整工況，通過(guò)加裝安全閥或采用變頻調(diào)速的方式避免超壓運(yùn)行；更換耐高溫軸承，如選用 SKF/C&U 等品牌的優(yōu)質(zhì)軸承。

There are multiple potential reasons for the overheating of the fan (high bearing/housing temperature). Insufficient or deteriorated lubricating oil, i.e. gearbox oil shortage or oil degradation, can lead to poor lubrication effect; Poor cooling is also an important factor. Dust accumulation on the cooling fins of air-cooled fans can affect heat dissipation, while insufficient cooling water flow in water-cooled fans cannot effectively remove heat; Overload operation, when the system resistance is too high or the exhaust pressure exceeds the rated value, will increase the load on the fan and generate excessive heat; Bearing damage, caused by poor lubrication or fatigue wear leading to bearing jamming, can also cause overheating. To solve this problem, it is necessary to check the oil level and promptly replenish or replace the recommended ISO VG 220 gear oil; Clean the heat sink or conduct a comprehensive inspection of the cooling water system to ensure that the cooling water flow rate of the water-cooled fan reaches or exceeds 2m 3/h; Reasonably adjust the working conditions and avoid overpressure operation by installing safety valves or using variable frequency speed regulation; Replace high-temperature resistant bearings, such as using high-quality bearings from SKF/C&U brands.

異常振動(dòng)或噪音大的故障，其根源主要涉及多個(gè)方面。葉輪動(dòng)平衡失效，葉輪粘附雜質(zhì)或發(fā)生腐蝕會(huì)破壞其平衡狀態(tài)；聯(lián)軸器 / 皮帶輪不對(duì)中，安裝偏差若超過(guò) 0.05mm/m，會(huì)在運(yùn)行中產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)與噪音；地腳螺栓松動(dòng)，長(zhǎng)期振動(dòng)容易導(dǎo)致固定螺栓松脫，影響風(fēng)機(jī)的穩(wěn)定性；齒輪磨損，同步齒輪嚙合不良會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊噪聲。解決此類問(wèn)題需要清潔葉輪或重新進(jìn)行動(dòng)平衡處理，將不平衡量控制在≤1g 的范圍內(nèi)；使用激光對(duì)中儀校正聯(lián)軸器同心度，使其偏差調(diào)整至 ±0.02mm；緊固地腳螺栓，并加裝防松墊片以增強(qiáng)固定效果；檢查齒輪磨損情況，若磨損嚴(yán)重則需及時(shí)更換齒輪組。

The root cause of abnormal vibration or loud noise faults mainly involves multiple aspects. Failure of impeller dynamic balance, adhesion of impurities or corrosion to the impeller can disrupt its balance state; If the coupling/pulley is misaligned and the installation deviation exceeds 0.05mm/m, vibration and noise will be generated during operation; Loose anchor bolts and long-term vibration can easily cause the fixing bolts to loosen, affecting the stability of the fan; Gear wear and poor meshing of synchronous gears can generate impact noise. To solve such problems, it is necessary to clean the impeller or perform dynamic balancing again to control the unbalance within the range of ≤ 1g; Use a laser alignment instrument to calibrate the concentricity of the coupling and adjust its deviation to ± 0.02mm; Tighten the anchor bolts and install anti loosening washers to enhance the fixing effect; Check the wear of the gears, and if the wear is severe, replace the gear set in a timely manner.

漏油（齒輪箱或軸封處）故障主要由以下原因引發(fā)。油封老化是常見因素，長(zhǎng)期高溫運(yùn)行會(huì)使橡膠密封硬化開裂，從而失去密封作用；油位過(guò)高會(huì)導(dǎo)致齒輪箱內(nèi)油壓過(guò)大，油液便會(huì)從呼吸閥滲出；軸磨損，軸封部位因長(zhǎng)期摩擦產(chǎn)生溝槽，也會(huì)造成漏油。解決漏油問(wèn)題需要更換性能優(yōu)良的油封，推薦采用氟橡膠或聚四氟乙烯材質(zhì)的油封；調(diào)整油位至油標(biāo)中線位置，且需在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下進(jìn)行檢查確認(rèn)；對(duì)磨損的軸套進(jìn)行修復(fù)或更換處理，可通過(guò)鍍鉻的方式修復(fù)磨損部位。

Oil leakage (at gearbox or shaft seal) faults are mainly caused by the following reasons. Oil seal aging is a common factor, and long-term high-temperature operation can cause rubber seals to harden and crack, thereby losing their sealing function; Excessive oil level can cause excessive oil pressure in the gearbox, leading to oil leakage from the breather valve; Shaft wear and groove formation in the shaft seal area due to long-term friction can also cause oil leakage. To solve the oil leakage problem, it is necessary to replace the high-performance oil seal. It is recommended to use oil seals made of fluororubber or polytetrafluoroethylene material; Adjust the oil level to the center line of the oil gauge and check and confirm it while in operation; The worn shaft sleeve can be repaired or replaced by chrome plating.

電機(jī)過(guò)載跳閘同樣存在多種可能原因。電壓不穩(wěn)定，當(dāng)電網(wǎng)電壓波動(dòng)超過(guò) ±10% 時(shí)，會(huì)影響電機(jī)的正常運(yùn)行；進(jìn)口阻力大，濾網(wǎng)堵塞或閥門未全開，會(huì)增加風(fēng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行負(fù)荷；風(fēng)機(jī)內(nèi)部卡滯，異物進(jìn)入或軸承損壞等情況會(huì)阻礙風(fēng)機(jī)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題，有效的解決方案包括加裝穩(wěn)壓器或仔細(xì)檢查供電線路，以確保電壓穩(wěn)定；清理進(jìn)口管道，保證閥門處于全開狀態(tài)，減少進(jìn)氣阻力；手動(dòng)盤車檢查風(fēng)機(jī)，及時(shí)排除卡死故障，保障風(fēng)機(jī)的順暢運(yùn)行 。

There are also multiple possible reasons for motor overload tripping. Voltage instability, when the voltage fluctuation of the power grid exceeds ± 10%, will affect the normal operation of the motor; High import resistance, clogged filter screens or valves not fully open can increase the operating load of the fan; Internal jamming, foreign objects entering, or damaged bearings can hinder the normal operation of the fan. Effective solutions to these issues include installing voltage regulators or carefully inspecting power supply lines to ensure voltage stability; Clean the inlet pipeline to ensure that the valve is fully open and reduce intake resistance; Manually rotate and inspect the fan, promptly eliminate any stuck faults, and ensure the smooth operation of the fan.

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